Pro-inflammatory cytokines inlcude IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-
.
Administration of antagonists to these agents such as IL-1ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), or monoclonal antibodies against TNF-
and soluble
TNF-receptor block acute and chronic inflammatory responses in animal models of
inflammatory disease.
IL-1 and TNF-
are the main mediators involved in endotoxic shock.
Up regulation of the inflammatory response is also effected by IL-11,
IFN
and by members of the chemokine superfamily.
Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is reduced by the anti-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13). And, production of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-
is inhibited by TGF-
.